Near-Roadway Air Pollution Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality

Authors of this study include Zhanghua Chen 1, Brian Z Huang 2, Margo A Sidell 3, Ting Chow 3, Sandrah P Eckel 1, Nathan Pavlovic 4, Mayra P Martinez 3, Fred Lurmann 4, Duncan C Thomas 1, Frank D Gilliland 1, Anny H Xiang 5

1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States.

3 Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States.

4 Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, CA, United States.

5 Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States. Electronic address: anny.h.xiang@kp.org.

Author contributions: Z.C., M.A.S., B.Z.H., F.D.G., and A.H.X. were responsible for the study concept and design. A.H.X. and Z.C. obtained funding. A.H.X., Z.C., M.A.S., B.Z.H., T.C., S.P.E., M.P.M., R.G., F.L., N.P., D.C.T., and F.D.G. conducted the study. B.Z.H., M.A.S., T.C., M.P.M., and A.H.X., acquired data. B.Z.H, M.A.S., T.C., and A.H.X. analyzed data. Z.C., M.A.S., B.Z.H, R.G., and A.H.X. drafted the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version to be published.